Tuberculosis ileocecal: a propósito de un caso / Ileocecal tuberculosis: A case report

Resumen La tuberculosis es una enfermedad de importancia en la salud pública a nivel mundial, con una alta incidencia a nivel del territorio colombiano. Principalmente, afecta el parénquima pulmonar; sin embargo, en un porcentaje elevado de casos se diagnostica en su forma extrapulmonar y el tracto gastrointestinal es uno de los sitios más frecuentes. Así mismo, la región ileocecal y el íleon terminal son las regiones con más predilección por la bacteria Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Las manifestaciones en esta rara presentación de la enfermedad están dadas por dolor abdominal y sensación de masa principalmente, lesiones ulcerosas en la mucosa intestinal y hallazgos histológicos correspondientes a granulomas caseificantes de gran tamaño y de morfología confluente, que se diferencian de otras entidades como la enfermedad de Crohn. La búsqueda de la enfermedad dentro del tracto gastrointestinal se realiza con ayuda de métodos invasivos como la colonoscopia y de ayudas diagnósticas de laboratorio como cultivos, tinciones o reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Dada la complejidad en el diagnóstico de esta forma de tuberculosis, el conocimiento y la manera en que se aborda un paciente con un cuadro sugestivo de esta enfermedad son factores importantes para establecer el manejo terapéutico oportuno. Se comparte un caso inusual de tuberculosis ileocecal como manifestación de síndrome febril prolongado con desenlace fatal.

Abstract Tuberculosis is a disease of public health importance worldwide with a high incidence in Colombia. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma. However, in a large number of cases, it is diagnosed in its extrapulmonary form, with the gastrointestinal tract being one of the most frequent sites. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a strong predilection for the ileocecal region and the terminal ileum. Manifestations of this rare form of the disease are abdominal pain and mass sensation mainly, as well as ulcerative lesions in the intestinal mucosa and histological findings corresponding to large caseating granulomas of confluent morphology, which distinguish it from other entities such as Crohn's disease. Invasive procedures, such as colonoscopy, and diagnostic laboratory aids, such as cultures, stains, and PCR, are used to find the disease in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the difficulty of diagnosing this type of tuberculosis, knowledge and how a patient with symptoms suggestive of the disease is approached are critical factors for establishing timely treatment. The following is an unusual case of ileocecal TB as a manifestation of prolonged febrile illness with a fatal outcome.

Diagnostic challenge between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis in chronic diarrhea with ulcerated jejunal stenosis: a case report / Desafío diagnóstico entre la enfermedad de Crohn y la tuberculosis intestinal en la diarrea crónica con estenosis yeyunal ulcerada: reporte de un caso

ABSTRACT Intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease are a diagnostic challenge because of the clinical, radiological and endoscopic similarity. The histological and microbiological findings are positive in less than 50%, which delays the correct treatment, putting the patient at risk. We reported a 34-year-old immunocompetent patient with 4 years of malabsorptive diarrhea, weight loss, nocturnal diaphoresis, abdominal pain and an ulcer with stenosis in the jejunum was found; she received empirical anti- tuberculosis treatment with clinical improvement. Later the culture was positive for M. tuberculosis.

RESUMEN La tuberculosis intestinal y la enfermedad de Crohn son un desafío diagnóstico debido a la similitud clínica, radiológica y endoscópica. Los hallazgos histológicos y microbiológicos son positivos en menos del 50%, lo que retrasa el correcto tratamiento, poniendo en riesgo al paciente. Reportamos un paciente de 34 años inmunocompetente con 4 años de diarrea malabsortiva, pérdida de peso, diaforesis nocturna, dolor abdominal y se encontró una úlcera con estenosis en yeyuno; recibió tratamiento empírico antituberculoso con mejoría clínica. Posteriormente el cultivo fue positivo para M. tuberculosis.

Apendicitis aguda perforada secundaria a una tuberculosis como causa de sepsis posparto / Acute perforated appendicitis secondary to tuberculosis as a cause of postpartum infection

Resumen La tuberculosis gastrointestinal es una manifestación extrapulmonar poco frecuente, correspondiendo al 3% de los casos y que compromete principalmente la región ileocecal; la afectación apendicular es poco frecuente. La apendicitis tuberculosa se puede presentar como un cuadro agudo indistinguible de las otras causas de apendicitis y el diagnóstico generalmente se hace por el hallazgo histopatológico, lo que retrasa el tratamiento y puede llevar a complicaciones. El período posparto es de riesgo de una reactivación de una tuberculosis, debido a cambios en el sistema inmunológico que se manifiestan como un síndrome de reconstitución inmune. Se presenta el caso de una paciente puérpera que ingresa por un choque séptico secundario a una apendicitis perforada. La histopatología demostró una inflamación granulomatosa crónica, con posterior confirmación por biología molecular de una tuberculosis pulmonar.

Abstract Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation, it represents 3% of cases and mainly involves the ileocecal region; appendiceal involvement is rare. Tuberculous appendicitis can present as an acute condition indistinguishable from other causes of appendicitis and the diagnosis is generally made by histopathological finding, which delays treatment and can lead to complications. The postpartum period is at risk of a reactivation of tuberculosis, due to changes in the immune system that manifests as an immune reconstitution syndrome. We present the case of a postpartum patient admitted for septic shock secondary to perforated appendicitis, the pathology reported chronic granulomatous inflammation and subsequent confirmation by molecular technique of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Consideraciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas de la tuberculosis intestinal / Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations about Abdominal Tuberculosis

Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad reemergente, importante como causa mayor de incapacidad y muerte en muchas zonas del mundo. La tuberculosis intestinal representa 11 por ciento de todas las formas extrapulmonares; 0,5 por ciento de todos los casos nuevos de y el 10 al 15 por ciento en los no infectados por el VIH. En el municipio Tunas se notificó el caso de un adolescente de 17 años, masculino, al que se le diagnostica esta enfermedad luego de haber presentado síntomas de dolor abdominal recurrente durante de varios meses antes del diagnóstico. Objetivo: Actualizar la información sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis intestinal. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre tuberculosis intestinal con la literatura encontrada en bases de datos disponibles en la red Infomed: PubMed, Hinari, The Cochrane Library, SciELO, MEDLINE y MedicLatina; con un enfoque histórico-lógico y de análisis-síntesis. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico precoz de la tuberculosis intestinal sin tuberculosis pulmonar activa continúa siendo un problema de salud, ya que los parámetros clínicos, bioquímicos, imagenológicos y endoscópicos aún carecen de especificidad, y en algunos casos se ha mostrado resistencia al tratamiento habitual(AU)

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a reemerging disease, also important as a major cause of disability and death in many regions of the world. Abdominal tuberculosis represents 11 percent of all extrapulmonary forms; 0.5 percent of all new cases of HIV infection and 10-15 percent of those not infected with HIV. In Las Tunas Municipality, the case of a 17-year-old male adolescent who was diagnosed with this disease was reported after the patient presented symptoms of recurrent abdominal pain for several months before diagnosis. Objective: To update information on the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal tuberculosis. Methods: A literature review on intestinal tuberculosis was carried out with the literature found in databases available on the Infomed network, such as PubMed, Hinari, The Cochrane Library, SciELO, MEDLINE, and MedicLatina, with a historical-logical and analysis-synthesis approach. Conclusions: The early diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis without active pulmonary tuberculosis continues to be a health concern, since clinical, biochemical, imaging, and endoscopic parameters still lack specificity, and, in some cases, resistance to usual treatment has been shown(AU)

Tuberculosis abdominal en niños de un hospital público de tercer nivel en México / Abdominal tuberculosis in children of a public tertiary hospital in Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN. A nivel mundial la tuberculosis es una de las diez causas de muerte, con una incidencia de 7 920 pacientes entre 0 ­ 14 años en la región de América; siendo el abdomen el sitio extrapulmonar más común. OBJETIVOS. Describir las características etarias, clínicas, microbio-lógicas, complicaciones y comorbilidades asociadas en los pacientes pediátricos con tuberculosis abdominal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio retrospectivo, base de datos de 23 pacientes y edades de 0 meses a 17 años 11 meses y 29 días de edad con evidencia confirmatoria de la presencia del microorganismo; de los servicios de Gastroenterología y Epidemiología en el Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca ", período 2007 a 2018. RESULTADOS. Se informaron 47,8% (11; 23) de sexo masculino y 52,2% (12; 23) de sexo femenino; 26,1% (6; 23) con antecedente de ingesta de lácteos no pasteurizados. Los tres datos clínicos más frecuentes fueron dolor abdominal, fiebre y pérdida de peso. El 8,7% (2;23) tuvieron convivencia con personas con tuberculosis activa positivo; 30,4% (7; 23) registraron prueba cutánea de derivado proteico pu-rificado positiva; 30,4% (7; 23) identificación de bacterias ácido-alcohol resistentes positivo; 43,5% (10; 23) estudios de imagen compatibles; 8,7% (2; 23) proteína C reactiva de mucosa intestinal po-sitivo; 4,3% (1; 36) cultivo positivo y 8,7% (2; 23) pacientes con inmunodeficiencia. CONCLUSIÓN. La tuberculosis abdominal, se presentó en menores de edad con síntomas inespecíficos de dolor abdominal, fiebre y pérdida de peso, expuestos a ingesta de productos lácteos no pasteurizados, combe positivo e inmunodeficiencia.

INTRODUCTION. Worldwide, tuberculosis is one of the ten causes of death, with an incidence of 7 920 patients between 0 - 14 years in the Americas region; the abdomen being the most common extrapulmonary site. OBJECTIVES. Describe the age, clinical, microbiological, complications and associated comorbidities in pediatric patients with abdominal tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND ME-THODS. Retrospective study, database of 23 patients and ages from 0 months of age to 17 years 11 months and 29 days of age with confirmatory evidence of the presence of the microorganism; of the Gastroenterology and Epidemiology services at the New Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca ", period 2 007 to 2 018. RESULTS. 47,8% (11; 23) men and 52,2% (12; 23) women were reported; 26,1% (6; 23) with a history of unpasteurized dairy intake. The three most frequent clinical data were abdominal pain, fever and weight loss. 8,7% (2; 23) lived together with people with positive active tuberculosis; 30,4% (7; 23) recorded a positive purified protein derivative skin test; 30,4% (7; 23) positive acid-alcohol resistant bacteria identification; 43,5% (10; 23) compatible imaging studies; 8,7% (2; 23) positive intestinal mucosal C-reactive protein; 4,3% (1; 36) positive culture and 8,7% (2; 23) patients with immunodeficiency. CONCLUSION. Abdominal tuberculosis occurred in minors with nonspecific symptoms of abdominal pain, fever and weight loss, exposed to intake of unpasteurized dairy products, positive combe and immunodeficiency

Obstrucción duodenal y hemorragia digestiva alta como presentación inicial de una tuberculosis duodenal aislada / Duodenal obstruction and upper gastrointestinal bleeding as the initial presentation of an isolated duodenal tuberculosis

Resumen La tuberculosis duodenal primaria es muy infrecuente, incluso en regiones endémicas. El diagnóstico plantea un gran reto, y requiere un alto índice de sospecha, apoyado en estudios de imágenes, microbiología, e histopatología obtenida por biopsia endoscópica o quirúrgica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 31 años, sin infección por VIH ni antecedente de tuberculosis, que debutó con una obstrucción duodenal. Posterior a una laparatomía exploradora presentó una estenosis duodenal y una hemorragia digestiva alta. Luego de varias biopsias no concluyentes, sólo la última, realizada con la técnica "biopsia sobre biopsia", demostró la presencia de granulomas con bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes. El diagnóstico de tuberculosis fue confirmado por reacción de polimerasa en cadena de tejido duodenal. No se evidenció compromiso de otros órganos. La respuesta terapéutica fue excelente.

Primary duodenal tuberculosis is rare, even in endemic regions. The diagnosis poses a major challenge and requires a high index of suspicion, supported by imaging studies, microbiology, and histopatology obtained by endoscopic or surgical biopsy. We report the case of a 31-year-old man, without HIV infection or any previous history of tuberculosis, who presented with duodenal obstruction. After exploratory laparotomy, he presented a duodenal stenosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A total of four diagnostic procedures (one laparotomy and three endoscopies) were performed, all of which included biopsies. Only the last endoscopy made with the technique "biopsy upon biopsy" showed the presence of acid fast bacilli and granulomas. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in duodenal tissue. There was no evidence of involvement of other organs by tuberculosis. The patient had an excellent therapeutic response.

Perfil clínico, teste padrão da resistência à droga e resultados do tratamento de pacientes com tuberculose abdominal da Índia ocidental / Clinical profile, drug resistance pattern and treatment outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis patients in western india

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis is an increasing problem in developing world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the clinical presentations, drug resistance pattern and treatment outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis in Western India. METHODS: All the cases of abdominal tuberculosis from May 2014 to April 2017, diagnosed on the basis of clinical profile and gross morphological findings at endoscopy, imaging, followed by histology and/or GeneXpert and MGIT culture were included. All patients received antitubercular drug (AKT) therapy according to national protocol. Patients were followed from diagnoses till completion of treatment and various parameters were studied. RESULTS: Out of the 176 patients, 48% were males. Abdominal pain was most common complaint in 83.5%. On colonoscopy terminal ileum and ileocaecal valve were most commonly involved segments. Upper gastrointestinal tract was involved in four patients. Overall ulceronodular lesions were most common followed by ulcerative/nodular lesion. Strictures in bowel were seen in 28 (15.9%) patients with ileocaecal valve being most commonly involved, of which 23 had symptomatic relief with AKT and only three required dilatation. Histopathology showed granuloma in 80.8% cases. MGIT was positive in 43 (35.80%) cases and GeneXpert was positive in 35 (26.1%) cases. Eight patients had multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Only two patients required surgical management. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tuberculosis with wide spectrum of presentation, can still be managed with early diagnosis and treatment even in patients with sub acute intestinal obstruction. Weight gain or resolving symptoms were considered early markers of treatment response. Patients with stricture can become asymptomatic with medical treatment alone.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A tuberculose abdominal é um problema crescente no mundo em desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as apresentações clínicas, o padrão de resistência a fármacos e os desfechos de tratamento da tuberculose abdominal na Índia ocidental. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos todos os casos de tuberculose abdominal de maio de 2014 a abril de 2017, diagnosticados com base no perfil clínico e nos resultados morfológicos brutos na endoscopia, imagem latente, seguido pela histologia e/ou pela cultura de GeneXpert e de MGIT. Todos os pacientes receberam a terapia antitubercular da droga (AKT) de acordo com o protocolo nacional. Os pacientes foram acompanhados de diagnósticos até a conclusão do tratamento e vários parâmetros foram estudados. RESULTADOS: Dos 176 pacientes, 48% eram do sexo masculino. A dor abdominal foi a queixa mais comum em 83,5%. Na colonoscopia, o íleo terminal e a válvula íleo-cecal foram os segmentos mais comumente envolvidos. O trato gastrointestinal superior foi envolvido em quatro pacientes. As lesões ulceronodulares totais foram as mais comuns seguidas pela lesão ulcerosa/nodular. As estenoses foram observadas em 28 (15,9%) pacientes priciplamente com a válvula íleo-cecal envolvida, dos quais 23 tiveram alívio sintomático com AKT e somente três necessitaram de dilatação. A histopatologia mostrou o granuloma em 80,8% casos. O MGIT foi positivo em 43 (35,80%) e GeneXpert foi positivo em 35 (26,1%) casos. Oito pacientes tiveram tuberculose resistente a múltiplas drogas. Apenas dois pacientes necessitaram de manejo cirúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: A tuberculose abdominal com amplo espectro de apresentação, ainda pode ser manuseada com diagnóstico precoce e tratamento mesmo em pacientes com obstrução intestinal sub-aguda. Ganho de peso ou sintomas resolvidos foram considerados marcadores precoces de resposta ao tratamento. Pacientes com estenose podem se tornar assintomáticos com tratamento médico isoladamente.

Aspects épidémiologiques et histologiques des tuberculoses extra-pulmonaires au Bénin

Les tuberculoses extra-pulmonaires (TEP) représentent une proportion élevée de toutes les formes de tuberculose et leurs manifestations cliniques polymorphes rendent le diagnostic souvent difficile. L'objectif de notre étude était de décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et histologiques des TEP diagnostiquées dans deux laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique de Cotonou. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive portant sur 53 dossiers de patients atteints de tuberculose extra-pulmonaire dans les laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et de la Cité Houéyiho à Cotonou sur une période de 10 ans (juin 2007 - juin 2018). L'âge moyen était de 46,5 ans avec une prédominance féminine (54,7 %). Les principales localisations étaient : la tuberculose ganglionnaire à 71,7 %, suivie par la tuberculose digestive (17 %) et de la tuberculose urogénitale (9,4%). Dans les différentes formes, le type histologique le plus fréquent était le type caséo-folliculaire. Notre travail a montré une fréquence élevée de l'atteinte ganglionnaire avec le type caséo-folliculaire comme le type histologique dominant

Aspects épidémiologiques et histologiques des tuberculoses extra-pulmonaires au Bénin

Les tuberculoses extra-pulmonaires (TEP) représentent une proportion élevée de toutes les formes de tuberculose et leurs manifestations cliniques polymorphes rendent le diagnostic souvent difficile. L'objectif de notre étude était de décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et histologiques des TEP diagnostiquées dans deux laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique de Cotonou. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive portant sur 53 dossiers de patients atteints de tuberculose extra-pulmonaire dans les laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et de la Cité Houéyiho à Cotonou sur une période de 10 ans (juin 2007 - juin 2018). L'âge moyen était de 46,5 ans avec une prédominance féminine (54,7 %). Les principales localisations étaient : la tuberculose ganglionnaire à 71,7 %, suivie par la tuberculose digestive (17 %) et de la tuberculose urogénitale (9,4%). Dans les différentes formes, le type histologique le plus fréquent était le type caséo-folliculaire. Notre travail a montré une fréquence élevée de l'atteinte ganglionnaire avec le type caséo-folliculaire comme le type histologique dominant

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico da tuberculose intestinal em pacientes de um hospital universitário / Clinical and epidemiological profile of intestinal tuberculosis in patients of a university hospital

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer o perfil clínico-epidemiológico da tuberculose intestinal em pacientes assistidos em um ambulatório específico. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, no qual foram avaliadas as principais características da população com diagnóstico de tuberculose intestinal atendida em um hospital universitário e notificada de janeiro 2009 a junho de 2017. RESULTADOS: A população foi constituída na maioria por mulheres, com média de 47,7 anos, negativas para o anti-HIV e residentes na região metropolitana. Ao diagnóstico, 27,3% apresentavam alteração de hábito intestinal e 45,4% doença fistulizante/ estenosante. Quase todos os resultados do PPD foram positivos, e 100% das radiografias de tórax não possuíam anormalidades. No histopatológico do segmento intestinal, o achado mais prevalente foi o granuloma caseoso. CONCLUSÃO: A tuberculose deve ser investigada em pacientes com doença intestinal no nosso país. (AU)

epidemiological profile of intestinal tuberculosis in patients assisted in a specific outpatient clinic. METHODS: This was a descriptive and retrospective study evaluating the main characteristics of the population with diagnosis of Intestinal tuberculosis treated at a University Hospital, and notified from January 2009 to June 2017. RESULTS: The population consisted mostly of women, with a mean age of 47.7 years, negative for anti-HIV, and livingin the metropolitan region of the city. At diagnosis, 27.3% presented changed bowel habits, and 45.4% fistulizing/stenosing disease. Almost all PPD results were positive and 100% of chest radiographs had no abnormalities. In the histopathology of the intestinal segment, the most prevalent finding was caseous granuloma. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis should be investigated in patients with intestinal disease in our country. (AU)

Tuberculosis abdominal: patología infrecuente en un paciente joven: reporte de un caso / Abdominal tuberculosis: an unusual disease in a young patient: a case report

Resumen Introducción: La tuberculosis abdominal es un problema reemergente, y es una de las enfermedades transmisibles más importante en todo el mundo. A pesar de las expectativas acerca de su erradicación en países en desarrollo, ha sido recientemente declarada de nuevo como una patología de emergencia mundial. Con el aumento de su incidencia y prevalencia, su forma abdominal es una de las presentaciones de afectación extrapulmonar más comunes. Objetivo: Dado que la tuberculosis puede afectar diversos órganos, tiene una amplia gama y gran espectro de signos y síntomas que dificultan su diagnóstico y retrasan el tratamiento. Por esto, se realiza esta revisión de tema, concentrándonos en que el alto índice de sospecha debe ser un factor importante en el diagnóstico precoz, para que una vez establecido, se pueda iniciar el tratamiento ayudando a prevenir y disminuir las altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad evidenciadas en la actualidad. Caso Clínico: Paciente joven con presencia de ascitis secundaria a tuberculosis abdominal confirmada por una biopsia y el aumento de la adenosin deaminasa en el líquido peritoneal. Se describen los principales hallazgos clínicos, paraclínicos, estudios imagenológicos y tratamiento.

Introduction: Abdominal tuberculosis is a reemerging problem and is one of the most important communicable diseases in the world. Despite expectations about the eradication in developing countries, it has recently been re-declared as a global emergency pathology. The increased incidence and prevalence shows an abdominal shape as one of the most common extrapulmonary involvement presentations. Objective: Since tuberculosis can affect various organs, it has a wide range and spectrum of signs and symptoms that make diagnosis difficult and delay treatment. Therefore, this review of the topic is done, concentrating on the fact that the high suspicion index should be an important factor in the early diagnosis. Treatment can be initiated helping to prevent and reduce high morbidity and mortality rates. Case Report: We present a case of a young patient with ascites secondary to abdominal tuberculosis confirmed by biopsy and increased adenosine deaminase in the peritoneal fluid. The main clinical findings, paraclinic, imaging studies and treatment are described.

Solitary Jejunal Tuberculosis with Intestinal Obstruction in an Immunocompetent Patient / 대한내과학회지

Intestinal tuberculosis is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. To the best of our knowledge, solitary intestinal tuberculosis accompanied by intestinal obstruction, particularly in the middle of the small intestine, is extremely rare. We report a case of solitary jejunal tuberculosis in a 49-year-old man with no underlying disease. He was admitted a few days after the onset of diffuse abdominal discomfort. Upon evaluation, we initially considered a malignancy of the distal jejunum with ileus due to the presence of a mass. Therefore, he underwent laparoscopic resection of the small bowel. Unexpectedly, the histologic specimen showed a chronic caseating granulomatous lesion with acid-fast bacilli. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with solitary jejunal tuberculosis. He was successfully treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs without any complications.

Tuberculosis intestinal simulando tumor de colon. informe de un caso / Intestinal tuberculosis simulating colon tumor. report of a case

Se presentó el caso de un paciente del sexo masculino de 40 años, de procedencia rural, con antecedentes patológicos de bronquiectasias y de un derrame pleural que curó espontáneamente. El mismo presentó manifestaciones compatibles con tuberculosis intestinal que debutó con tumoración en fosa iliaca derecha, fiebre y dolor abdominal. Se valoró el caso en el colectivo de Neumología, donde teniendo en cuenta la evolución clínica y resultado de los exámenes complementarios realizados, se decidió iniciar tratamiento específico antituberculoso con el diagnóstico de tuberculosis intestinal. Después de estos estudios, evolucionó favorablemente con el tratamiento protocolizado(AU)

It is presented the case of a male patient of 40 years, of rural origin, with a pathological history of bronchiectasis and a pleural effusion that cured spontaneously. The patient presented symptoms compatible with intestinal tuberculosis that began with a tumor in the right iliac fossa, fever and abdominal pain. The case was assessed in the Pneumology group, where taking into account the clinical evolution and the result of the complementary examinations, it was decided to initiate specific antituberculous treatment with the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. After these studies, patient, s evolution was good with the protocolized treatment(AU)

Gastric Tuberculosis Presenting as a Subepithelial Mass: A Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding / 대한소화기학회지

Gastric tuberculosis accounts for approximately 2% of all cases of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Diagnosis of gastric tuberculosis is challenging because it can present with various clinical, endoscopic, and radiologic features. Tuberculosis manifesting as a gastric subepithelial tumor is exceedingly rare; only several dozen cases have been reported. A 30-year-old male visited emergency room of our hospital with hematemesis and melena. Abdominal CT revealed a 2.5 cm mass in the gastric antrum, and endoscopy revealed a subepithelial mass with a visible vessel at its center on gastric antrum. Primary gastric tuberculosis was diagnosed by surgical wedge resection. We report a rare case of gastric tuberculosis mimicking a subepithelial tumor with acute gastric ulcer bleeding.

A prospective study on tubercular fistula in ano and its management / Estudo prospectivo sobre a fístula anal tuberculosa e seu tratamento

Abstract Objective Tuberculosis fistula in ano, though less encountered, is an important clinical entity in developing countries like India. Diagnosis of TB fistula is a challenge despite of advances in diagnostic modalities and it depends upon both local and systemic clinical presentation. This prospective study aimed at to substantiate the importance of clinical diagnosis as well as medical management of tubercular fistula by antitubercular drugs. Methods and results 25 patients of fistula in ano suspected to be of tubercular origin underwent histopathology of fistulous tracks and an 8 week therapeutic trial of antitubercular treatment after getting an informed consent. Though biopsy showed positive evidence of tubercular pathology only in 52% cases, therapeutic trial showed improvement in local and systemic features in 23 (92%) cases. Of these 23 cases, 3 were cured after 18 months of anti tubercular treatment and 18 showed cure after 24 months of anti tubercular treatment while 2 cases withdrew from the study at 12 and 14 months respectively due to adverse drug reactions though their fistulous symptoms were relieved. Conclusion Meticulous clinical evaluation plays a vital role in diagnosis of tubercular fistula in addition to other diagnostic methods. Anti tubercular treatment is the mainstay of treatment in tubercular fistula with a minimum duration of 18-24 months owing to the recurrent and relapsing nature of disease.

Resumo Objetivo A fístula anal da tuberculose (TB), embora menos observada, constitui entidade clínica importante em países em desenvolvimento, como a Índia. O diagnóstico de fístula TB é tarefa desafiadora, apesar dos avanços nas modalidades diagnósticas; seu estabelecimento depende tanto da apresentação clínica local, como da apresentação sistêmica. Esse estudo prospectivo teve por objetivo consubstanciar a importância do diagnóstico clínico e também do tratamento clínico da fístula TB com medicamentos contra tuberculose. Métodos e resultados Foi realizado estudo histopatológico de tratos fistulosos em 25 pacientes com fístula anal com suspeita de origem tuberculosa; depois de obtido o consentimento livre e informado, esses pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento anti-tuberculose (TAT) durante 8 semanas. Embora a biópsia tenha revelado evidência positiva de patologia tuberculosa em apenas 52% dos casos, o curso terapêutico resultou em melhora nos aspectos local e sistêmico em 23 (92%) pacientes. Desses 23 casos, 3 e 18 casos estavam curados após 18 e 24 meses de TAT, respectivamente, enquanto que 2 pacientes desistiram do estudo após 12 e 14 meses, respectivamente, em decorrência de reações farmacológicas adversas, mesmo diante do alívio de seus sintomas fistulosos. Conclusão Juntamente com outros métodos diagnósticos, uma avaliação clínica meticulosa desempenha papel vital no diagnóstico da fístula TB. TAT é o principal procedimento terapêutico em pacientes com fístula TB, com duração mínima de 18-24 meses devido à natureza recorrente e recidivante da doença.

Tuberculosis gastrointestinal como causa de hemorragia digestiva masiva en un paciente con infección por VIH / Gastrointestinal tuberculosis as a cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with HIV infection

Resumen La tuberculosis (TBC) gastrointestinal es una complicación infrecuente y fatal en pacientes con infección por VIH. Se presenta en 3-16% de las formas extrapulmonares y su principal localización es la válvula ileocecal y colon. La hemorragia digestiva baja con presencia de una o múltiples úlceras en colon es una presentación muy inusual de TBC intestinal. El diagnóstico se confirma por biopsia y cultivo del tejido intestinal. La cirugía en caso de perforación intestinal sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con infección por VIH, sin tratamiento anti-retroviral, quien desarrolló una TBC diseminada con perforación intestinal y hemorragia digestiva masiva de curso fatal.

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is a rare and fatal complication in patients with HIV infection. It occurs in 3%-16% of extra pulmonary forms. The main location in 90% of cases is the ileocecal valve and colon. The most unusual presentation of gastrointestinal tuberculosis is massive bleeding with the presence of one or multiple ulcers in the colon. The diagnosis can be confirmed by biopsy and by culture of intestinal tissue. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. We report a case of a HIV-infected patient, who did not receive antiretrovirals, and who developed disseminated tuberculosis with intestinal perforation, presenting a fatal massive intestinal bleeding.

Penetrating gastric ulcer as a manifestation of multisystemic tuberculosis / Úlcera gástrica penetrante como manifestación de tuberculosis multisistémica

We present the case of a 30-year old female with a history of abdominal pain, fever, poor oral tolerance and weight loss for 6 months. An abdominal CT scan showed marked gastric dilatation due to extrinsic compression from lymphadenopathies around the second portion of the duodenum. The upper endoscopy revealed the presence of a penetrating gastric ulcer in the greater curvature. Biopsies of the lesions showed hystiocytes with granulomatous features and Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positive, and the cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive to Isonazid and Rifampin. Subsequently anti-TB regimen was initiated achieving great clinical and endoscopic improvement.

Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 30 años de edad con historia de dolor abdominal, fiebre, poca tolerancia oral y pérdida de peso por 6 meses. Un CT scan abdominal muestra dilatación marcada gástrica debido a una compresión extrínseca por adenopatías alrededor de la segunda porción del duodeno. Una endoscopía alta revela la presencia de una úlcera gástrica penetrante en la curvatura mayor. Las biopsias mostraron histiocitos con granulomatosis y bacilos acid fast positivos y en los cultivos crecieron micobacterium tuberculosis sensibles a isoniacidad y rifampicina. Subsecuentemente se inició el régimen anti TBC lográndose una mejoría clínica y endoscópica evidente.

Peritonitis tuberculosa con perforación intestinal en población pediátrica en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá, Colombia / Tuberculous peritonitis with intestinal perforation in the pediatric population at a third level of care hospital in Bogotá, Colombia

Introducción. La peritonitis tuberculosa es un tipo de presentación poco frecuente de la tuberculosis en población pediátrica, con enfermedades concomitantes que favorecen una inmunosupresión crónica. En el presente artículo, se presenta un caso de peritonitis tuberculosa manejado en nuestra institución y se hace una revisión crítica de la literatura científica. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional y descriptivo de los pacientes que fueron sometidos a cirugía con hallazgo intraoperatorio de peritonitis generalizada, y con diagnóstico confirmado de peritonitis tuberculosa, desde el 1° de junio del 2004 hasta el 30 de junio del 2015. Resultados. Se revisaron 486 pacientes con peritonitis generalizada, de los cuales solo a un paciente masculino de cuatro años, con síndrome nefrótico y tuberculosis pulmonar, se le hizo diagnóstico de peritonitis tuberculosa, con perforación intestinal y necesidad de cirugía de urgencia. Falleció el día 51 de hospitalización en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Discusión y conclusiones. La tuberculosis peritoneal es una entidad poco frecuente en la población pediátrica, pero debe considerarse en pacientes con factores de riesgo para inmunosupresión, nexo de contagio para tuberculosis y ascitis, acompañados de dolor abdominal y fiebre. El diagnóstico temprano mejora el pronóstico del paciente y la biopsia peritoneal es la prueba estándar para confirmar esta entidad. Su incidencia en nuestra institución es de 0,2 %

Introduction: Tuberculous peritonitis is a rare type of presentation of tuberculosis in pediatric patients with comorbidities associated with chronic immunosuppression. In this article, we present a case of tuberculous peritonitis managed at our institution and a critical review of the literature. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational study of patients who underwent surgery with the intraoperative finding of generalized peritonitis in the period June 1, 2004 to June 30, 2015. Only one patient was confirmed with tuberculous peritonitis. Results: 486 patients with generalized peritonitis were studied. The diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was confirmed only in a 4 year old male patient with nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient had intestinal perforation and required an emergency surgical intervention. He died on day 51 of hospitalization in the ICU. Discussion and conclusions: Peritoneal tuberculosis is a rare entity in the pediatric population, but it should be considered in patients with risk factors for immunosuppression, nexus of tuberculosis infection and ascites, accompanied by abdominal pain and fever. Early diagnosis improves the patient´s prognosis, and peritoneal biopsy is the gold standard to confirm this entity, whose incidence is 0.2% at our institution.

Absceso intrabdominal secundario a tuberculosis intestinal en el Hospital General Dolisie de la República del Congo / Intra-abdominal abscess secondary to intestinal tuberculosis in general hospital Dolisie, Republic of Congo

La incidencia de TB intestinal es desconocida, ya que puede ser asintomática y por su naturaleza a menudo resulta en diagnósticos erróneos, por lo que se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha en poblaciones de alto riesgo. Los abscesos intrabdominales en el curso de esta es una complicación poco frecuente, con una incidencia entre 2 y 30 por ciento. Presentamos un paciente masculino de 52 años de edad, con masa abdominal en mesogástrio, asociada a dolor abdominal y pérdida de peso. Se comienza su estudio con Rx. de tórax y ecografía abdominal, el cual reporta masa de 90 x 47 mm en el peritoneo, es intervenido quirúrgicamente y drenado por absceso intrabdominal. Se diagnostica TB intestinal, su evolución fue satisfactoria después de iniciado el tratamiento antituberculoso. Ante un paciente con síntomas de abdomen agudo, es importante realizar un diagnóstico temprano de TB intestinal. Esto evitaría una intervención innecesaria, porque el diagnóstico de la TB intestinal es médico. Si se realiza la intervención, puede confirmarse el diagnóstico mediante las lesiones encontradas; acción que impediría una resección intestinal innecesaria pues el tratamiento antituberculoso resolvería la TB. Generalmente, el diagnóstico se realiza durante una cirugía o por procedimientos invasivos con otros propósitos, por ser esta de difícil diagnóstico clínico y que la irregularidad del tratamiento antituberculoso es un importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones en la TB intestinal diagnosticada. Esta es altamente efectivo en la resolución de complicaciones de moderada gravedad como la obstrucción intestinal y los abscesos intrabdominales(AU)

The incidence of intestinal tuberculosis is unknown since it may be symptom-free and lead to frequent misdiagnoses, so one should highly suspect of intestinal tuberculosis in high risk populations. The intra-abdominal abscesses are rare complications, with an incidence rate of 2 to 30 percent. Here is the case of a 52 years-old male patient who had an abdominal in her mesogastrium associated to abdominal pain and weight loss. The first testing was thorax X-ray and abdominal ultrasound, which revealed the presence of a 90x74mm mass in the peritoneum. As a result, he was operated on including intrabdominal abscess drainage. The final diagnosis was intestinal tuberculosis, being the recovery satisfactory after the anti-tuberculosis treatment. It is fundamental to make emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis in patients with acute abdomen symptoms in risk groups since this may avoid surgical treatment. The diagnosis based on macroscopic findings in case of surgical treatment may also avoid unnecessary intestinal resections. Generally speaking, the diagnosis is made during a surgery or by invasive procedures with other purposes since the clinical diagnosis is difficult; irregular anti-tuberculosis treatment is a significant risk factor for the development of complications in diagnosed intestinal tuberculosis. It is highly effective in the resolution of moderate-severity complications such as intestinal obstruction and intra-abdominal abscesse(AU)